วันพุธที่ 19 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2550


Christmas Holiday Graphics


Backgrounds From FreeGlitters.Com
conseil municipal
actualité



Le conseil municipal se réunit tous les mois. Les séances sont publiques. Vous pouvez consulter en ligne l'ordre du jour et le compte-rendu des délibérations.

Vous pouvez également prendre connaissance de décisions adoptées lors de la dernière séance.
calendrier
élections municipales et cantonales


Deux décrets publiés au Journal officiel du mardi 16 octobre 2007 prévoient que les élections municipales et cantonales se dérouleront les dimanches 9 et 16 mars 2008. Pour voter en 2008, il est impératif de s’inscrire sur les listes électorales avant le 31 décembre prochain. Cette formalité peut être remplie auprès du centre municipal ou de votre mairie de proximité. Rens. 02 38 79 25 72
mairies
accueil du public les 24 et 31 déc
Exceptionnellement, les horaires d'ouverture et de fermeture de l'accueil au public du Centre Municipal et des mairies de proximité les 24 et 31 décembre prochains sont modifiés :

• Centre Municipal :
24 décembre 2007 : ouvert de 8h30 à 16h00
31 décembre 2007 : ouvert de 8h30 à 17h00

• Mairies de Proximité :
24 décembre 2007 : fermées
31 décembre 2007 : ouvertes de 8h30 à 12h00 et de 14h00 à 17h00 (sauf pour la Mairie de proximité Centre Ville qui sera fermée toute la journée du 31 décembre).

Les services municipaux conservent les horaires habituels avec présence suffisante dans les services pour assurer le fonctionnement normal.
jumelage
Orléans suspend les relations avec Trévise
Le conseil municipal du 14 décembre a voté la suspension des relations de jumelage avec la ville italienne de Trévise suite aux propos tenus le 5 décembre dernier par un conseiller municipal. Des propos inacceptables qui s’ajoutent à ceux faits, cet été, par le premier Maire Adjoint de Trévise. Signé en 1959, le jumelage a été mis à mal à plusieurs reprises ces dernières années du fait de déclarations xénophobes ou homophobes.
décès-cimetière
accueil des usagers
Depuis octobre et l’ouverture du nouvel accueil du centre municipal, le service décès-cimetière reçoit les visiteurs dans des bureaux individuels facilitant les démarches confidentielles. Il comprend deux entités :

• les décès (déclaration, accueil des familles ou des entreprises). Renseignements au 02 38 79 22 43.

• les cimetières (renouvellement, achat ou transformation de concession, régie de fossoyage, demande d’inhumation...). Renseignements au 02 38 79 25 51..

วันอาทิตย์ที่ 16 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2550

canicule

Un soleil de plomb écrase la place de l'Etape. En ce mois d'août 1983, le tout nouveau centre municipal est converti en « Banque agricole et commerciale de la Beauce » pour la scène d'ouverture de Canicule. Miou-Miou, Jean Carmet, Victor Lanoux ou encore David Bennent (le petit garçon du Tambour de Volker Schlöndorff) partagent l'affiche avec Lee Marvin, l'une des plus belles « sales gueules » du cinéma américain. Tourné à Orléans et dans les environs de Saint-Péravy-la-Colombe, le film d'Yves Boisset va mobiliser le personnel municipal, situé aux premières loges, durant une semaine.

วันเสาร์ที่ 8 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2550

BOydPod - รักคุณเข้าอีกแล้ว
Notto - จิตใต้สำนึก
Mère




Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.
Aller à : Navigation, Rechercher
Cet article possède des homophones, voir Mer (homonymie) et Maire (homonymie).
Une mère est le parent biologique ou social de sexe féminin d'un enfant, le parent de sexe masculin étant le père.

Le mot qui signifie « mère » est un des plus répandus au monde à travers toutes les langes indo-européennes (racine ma), ainsi que dans beaucoup d'autres (en chinois par exemple : pinyin ma). En français, le mot maman, formation enfantine par redoublement vient du latin et du grec mamma qui veut dire sein.

Dans le cas des mammifères comme pour les humains par exemple, la mère porte l'enfant (d'abord appelé embryon puis fœtus) dans son utérus à partir de sa conception jusqu'à ce qu'il soit suffisamment développé pour naitre. Une fois que l'enfant est prêt, la mère accouche et donne naissance à l'enfant. Après la naissance, la poitrine de la mère produit du lait pour nourrir l'enfant.

Pour les organismes non sexués, « mère » est parfois utilisé pour dire « parent », dans le cas des organismes unicellulaires qui se reproduisent par fission, la « mère » désigne la cellule qui se divise pour produire des « filles ».

Les mères ont un rôle très important dans l'éducation des enfants et le titre de mère peut être donné à une femme qui n'est pas le parent biologique de l'enfant mais qui remplit le rôle de celui-ci et élève l'enfant. Il s'agit en général d'un parent adoptif ou d'une belle-mère (la femme du père de l'enfant).

Maman est un mot familier pour désigner la mère. Ce mot dénote une certaine affection et un rôle maternel dans la vie de l'enfant.

Les mères sont célébrées dans de nombreux pays. En France, la fête des mères a lieu le dernier dimanche de mai. En Suisse, la fête des mères a lieu le deuxième dimanche de mai. Au Royaume-Uni, une fête similaire (Mothering Sunday) a lieu le quatrième dimanche du Carême. Aux États-Unis, en Australie et au Canada, les mères sont à l'honneur le deuxième dimanche de mai (il s'agit de la Mother's Day, nom qui remonte à la fin du XIXe siècle).

Sommaire [masquer]
1 Différentes utilisations du mot « mère »
2 La mère dans l'art
2.1 Littérature
2.2 Sculpture
2.3 Peinture
2.4 Chansons
2.5 Cinéma
3 La mère en psychanalyse
4 Voir aussi



Différentes utilisations du mot « mère » [modifier]
Dans nos sociétés, les mères qui élèvent seules leur enfant sont appelées « mère-célibataire » (l'enfant naît hors mariage) ou « fille-mère » (la mère est encore très jeune).

Une femme qui porte un enfant pour une autre personne ou un couple est appelée « mère porteuse ».

Le terme de mère s'emploie aussi pour désigner toute personne correspondant au stéréotype d'une mère (exemple : « la Mère Michel »).

Dans la religion chrétienne, « mère » est une sorte de titre pour désigner certains membres de la communauté religieuse comme par exemple les abbesses. On peut aussi dire mère supérieure. Une religieuse célèbre portant le titre de mère est Mère Teresa. La Vierge Marie a le titre de Mère de Dieu.


"affection maternelle"
(œuvre de William Bouguereau - XIXe siècle)Le terme de mère est aussi utilisé métaphoriquement pour désigner :

la source ou le créateur comme dans L'avarice est la mère de bien des maux. (de Hazrat Ali)
ce qui est supérieur dans la hiérarchie comme le « bateau-mère »
ce qui est premier dans la vie de quelqu'un (langue maternelle)
ce qui est premier, le plus important (carte mère)
ce qui est aux principe de toutes choses : Les Mères (cf. Faust II, Goethe)
la création de la Nature : "Mère Nature".

La mère dans l'art [modifier]

Littérature [modifier]
La Mère, de Maxime Gorki
La Mère, de Pearl Buck
Le livre de ma mère et Belle du Seigneur, d'Albert Cohen
Le Château de ma mère, de Marcel Pagnol
La Mère Sauvage, La Mère aux monstres (nouvelles, recueil Toine) de Maupassant
Mère Courage, de Bertold Brecht

Sculpture [modifier]
Mère et Enfant, d'Auguste Rodin
La Mère et son Fils mort, de Käthe Kollwitz

Peinture [modifier]
La Mère de Rembrandt
La mère et son fils, de Thomas Sully
Mère et enfant, d'Auguste Renoir
Mère et enfant, de Pablo Picasso

Chansons [modifier]
La mère Michel
Maman - PierPolJak


Cinéma [modifier]
Ma Mère, de Louis Garrel

La mère en psychanalyse [modifier]
En psychanalyse, c'est un concept qui est attaché au ressenti de l'enfant face à un objet maternel. Cette image peut être confondue avec la mère au sens premier, ou complètement détaché.

Freud, le premier, emploie cette terminologie pour imager ce qu'elle représente dans l'inconscient, puis des évolutions se feront notamment pour désigner la même chose chez le nourrisson, comme le sein décrit par Mélanie Klein.

วันอังคารที่ 4 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2550


It could well be said that His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej became King Rama IX by accident.
He was not born to be King. As such, he had little time to be groomed as one. When, as a young
man of 19 years of age, he acceded to the throne in 1946, it was only 14 years after absolute monarchy,
which had existed for nearly 700 years, had been brought to an end in a relatively peaceful way.

His Majesty began learning his constitutional craft in 1946 at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland,
where he changed his specialisation from science, to law and political science. This academic study was,
however, merely a primer, at best a theoretical course.

The royal code of conduct emphasised the major Buddhist precepts and the Tenfold Practice or Duties
of Kingship which to this day remain the cornerstone of Thai kingship. For more than seven centuries,
the concept of a patriarchal and accessible monarch has remained a Thai ideal.

Thailand is now a constitutional monarchy and a country aspiring to become a newly developed society,
but the traditional principles of righteous Buddhist kingship, and kingly virtues, remain of paramount
importance to the present monarchy. His Majesty has displayed, and continues to display, a profound
understanding of constitutional kingship, as well as the traditional sources and symbols of
Thai monarchal tradition.

The significance of his reign relates to three main themes : the well-being of his subjects, the security and
stability of his nation, and national unity. His work in many development areas stems from his conviction
that the well-being of the people is tantamount to the well-being of the sovereign. These two are
inseparable, and interrelated.

“Bangkok’s traffic,” said His Majesty to an audience of Thai ambassadors in August, 1995,
“makes foreign countries avoid investing here and deters foreigners from visiting.” The King
explained that the traffic problem had become a political problem and highlighted the fact that
the coalition partners, were working at cross purposes.

“These are exceptional comments, out of the ordinary,” said a former prime minister, referring
to how His Majesty had publicly intervened in the performance of the government.

“His Majesty’s concern for Bangkok residents and their plight over traffic is constant, and often
not displayed publicly,” said a senior city official. Even before he indicated that the government
needed to coordinate better, His Majesty often worked closely with city officials, going down to
details where necessary.

In July 1995, His Majesty indicated that U-turns ought to be banned on Srinakarin Road
during rush hours ; that overpasses should be built at Patanakan-Srinakarin and
Ramkhamhaeng-Rama IX crossroads. His Majesty also suggested that parts of
Vibhavadi Rangsit Interchange should be widened.

Bangkok City Clerk Prasert Samalapha, a key official who has worked on flood prevention
and traffic management for decades, says that His Majesty’s thinking on solving traffic and
flooding encompasses human, social and environmental factors. Mr Prasert, who was in charge
of water drainage when one of the worst floods devastated Bangkok in 1980, said that without
HisMajesty’s assistance, the floods in that year would have persisted.



Health and medicine had always been prominent in His Majesty the King’s childhood.
His father, Prince Mahidol, was a pioneering doctor who dedicated his life to the plight
of the poor rural population. He initiated numerous healthcare programmes that brought
medical care to the far reaches of the provinces, where previously modern medicine
was unheard of.

His mother, the late Princess Mother, was a trained nurse who lent tenacious support
to her husband’s causes. It therefore comes as no surprise that His Majesty the King is
an ardent advocate of health and medical progress. In the 50 years of reign, he will always
be fondly remembered by his people as the King who never forgets when they fall ill.

Magsaysay award winner Dr Prawase Wasi, recalled, “Thirty years ago, state medical
facilities in the provinces were scarce and under-developed. During His Majesty’s
frequent visits to rural areas, he would come across sick, malnourished people or
those suffering from malaria who were desperate for medical attention and did
not know where to turn to for help. Since then, wherever he goes, His Majesty will
always take with him a team of doctors and nurses to treat those who come to him
with their illness.”

His Majesty’s actions prompted a fundamental change in the attitude of healthcare authorities.
Doctors and healthcare officials began to realise that medical treatment had to be distributed
for it to reach the people.

Apart from being instrumental in changing attitudes and actively assisting national health
programmes, His Majesty has played a direct role since the 1950s in assisting in eradicating
several specific diseases that were widespread in the country. Former public health minister
Dr Sem Pringpuangkaew says that after the second World War, the country’s most dreaded
disease was tuberculosis. “The state did not know how to contain the disease because at that
time there were no sanitoriums to house those infected. The King, however, took a personal
interest and set up the Anti-Tuberculosis Society to help prevent the disease from spreading.”

Ten years after his coronation, His Majesty The King visited a temple in Phraphadaeng
District of Samut Prakan province. This was a temple which offered treatment for people
suffering from leprosy, and the King took pity on those stricken with the disease.
He was especially worried about the education of the children who were separated from
their parents. So he set up a school for them opposite the hospital and allowed the parents
to visit the children. This was the beginning of the Rajpracha Samasai school for lepers.

The Rajpracha Samasai Foundation is one of numerous examples of how His Majesty
has given great support to education, both within and outside the school system--even
in remote areas of the Kingdom. An even more noteworthy example of His Majesty’s
contribution to education was his crucial role in the establishment of the Border
Patrol Police schools in 1956. Their scope was later extended when His Majesty, again
through personal donations, set up more schools in Chiang Mai for hilltribe children
which became known as “Chao Pho Luang” or “Royal Father” schools. Assistance from
the late Princess Mother ensured that today there are over 200 such schools in remote
areas of the country.

Later, the first of the so-called “Rom Klao” schools was established in Nakhon Phanom
province to provide children in those areas an opportunity to learn at a time when
many government officials feared the influence of the Communist Party of Thailand.

And for children of parents unable to afford school fees, His Majesty initiated a project
of welfare schools in temples. Such schools are now operating in many provinces
throughout the country. However, very early in his reign, His Majesty realised that simply
setting up schools was not enough. Thailand also needed qualified teachers, especially
in technical fields. In 1955, therefore, His Majesty set up the Ananda Mahidol Fund to
assist medical students to study in the United States. By 1959 the fund was registered as
the Ananda Mahidol Foundation with its scholarships extended to cover other fields
of study. His Majesty also continued his support of the “King’s Scholarship” which
provided funds for capable students to study overseas.



Since 1974 His Majesty has launched several reforestation projects. Now the work is jointly
carried out by his Chai Pattana Foundation and the Princess Mother’s Mae Fah Luang
Foundation. His Majesty sees reforestation and forest conservation as a way to realise another
goal which he holds most dear to his heart, that of the development of water resources.

Increasing acreage of lush forests would ensure that his people will have a steady supply of
water for consumption and cultivation. As he said in one of his speeches : “To preserve
watersheds for eternity, it is important that we maintain and replant forests in watershed areas.”

For the King, the well being of his people begins with an abundant supply of water.
He recognises that the Thai way of life has been inextricably linked with agriculture, and that
today, water is even more important to its continuance.

His Majesty looks at problems in a holistic manner. Any development programme must take
account of all aspects of the local environment--geographical, sociological, psychological,
and natural. His Majesty applies this principle when considering how best to help poor farmers
stand on their own feet and retain their self-respect without upsetting the natural balance.
It has led to what he calls “the new theory.”

Finding that most farmers possess an average of 10 to 15 rai of land, he suggests that the plot
be divided into four portions. A farm pond, a rice field, and fruit and fuel-wood trees would
each take up to 30 per cent of the land. The remaining land goes for a house, roads, vegetable
gardens, and animal farming.

With this “30-30-30-10” formula, the farmer would be self-sufficient, and possibly able to
produce enough to earn extra income. The variety of food sources in his farm provide security
against loss to any part of his venture.

The success of the Huay Hong Krai Rural Development Study in Chiang Mai, provided
striking confirmation of His Majesty’s theory. Even earth that is practically lifeless can be
reinvigorated if one understands and knows how to apply the laws of inter-relatedness in
nature to help it recover its balance. But for His Majesty the King, the restoration of the
balance of nature is not an end in itself. It is a means to guarantee a vigorous, life-sustaining
system for the rural poor.

In a marriage of nature and human effort, His Majesty has invented a method to speed up
reforestation by building hundreds of small, simple check-dams, using bricks and earth,
in the mountain streams. The aim is to spread the moisture to a wider area and retain it to nurture
the trees for as long as possible, before the water flows into the reservoir below. By keeping
the forest soil damp, fires are prevented, thus allowing the forest to regenerate more quickly.

His Majesty’s has described Huay Hong Krai as the conclusion of his own rural development
work after several decades of searching for a low-cost, simple, and effective cure for rural
poverty. His conclusion was ; there exists no uniform, single formula for a solution to the
problem, given the vast diversity of geography that dictates the conditions of land, water supply,
and climate, as well as the people’s way of life, which varies from region to region.

The 8,500-rai Huay Hong Krai site is among six development study centres His Majesty has
set up in different regions to cope with the vast diversity in land conditions. He calls them
“Living Museums.”

The first of these was Khao Hin Son, east of Bangkok. It is His Majesty’s model of how to
convert near useless soil into usable farmland. In Chiang Mai the Huay Hong Krai Centre is
intended to be a catchment area conservation model for the north, and The Pikul Thong Centre
in Narathiwat is a study centre for swampy acidic land for the South. The Phu Phan Centre in
Sakon Nakhon studies salination and irrigation for the Northeast. The Kung Kraben Bay Centre
in Chanthaburi studies rehabilitation of mangroves and coastal waters, and the Huay Sai Centre
in Phetchaburi studies the rehabilitation of degraded forests.

“In any country, there are some people who are good, and others who are not so good.
It is impossible to make everyone good. The task of bringing peace and happiness to
the country is not about making everyone good. But it is about promoting good people,
enabling them to govern the country, and about preventing people who are not so good
from obtaining positions of power.”

His Majesty made that pronouncement in 1969. It echoed the historic oath he had made
earlier at his coronation in 1950 in which he pledged : “We will reign with righteousness,
for the benefit and happiness of the Siamese people.”

While His Majesty’s thoughts are essential to his prestige, what he has done for his people
over the past 50 years may better explain the devotion he enjoys. His Majesty’s best known
acts are the interventions of October 14, 1973, and May 20, 1992, which saved the country
from disaster. It was in May 1992 that His Majesty intervened by appealing to the rivals--
Chamlong Srimuang, leader of the pro-democracy demonstrators, and Prime Minister
Suchinda Kraprayoon--to “turn towards each other” in an audience at Chitralada Palace
that was televised nationwide.

Most of His Majesty’s efforts to improve the lives of his people have focused on remote
areas of the country, most in need of assistance. And for over 50 years, His Majesty has
tirelessly travelled to these areas, said Dr Sumet Tantivechakul.

His Majesty’s 22-day trip to the Northeast in 1955, the first by a Thai monarch to that part of
the country, and during which he was accompanied by Her Majesty The Queen, was particularly
successful. Since then, His Majesty has travelled to all 76 provinces in the country, dispensing
essential help in food and medicine, as well as advice on people’s livelihoods. These visits also
came at a time of communist insurgency and His Majesty demonstrated his belief that saving
ordinary people from poverty and injustice was the best way to defeat the insurgents,
said Dr Sumet.

For decades, His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej has been respected, revered, and loved by
Thais throughout the Kingdom. His life’s work, spanning more than five decades, covers a vast
spectrum of activities which have far-reaching effects on Thai life.

For the journalists of the Bangkok Post who contributed to the publication of the book,
King Bhumibol Adulyadej : Thailand’s Guiding Light their efforts represented a first attempt to
record His Majesty’s contribution to the development and well-being of the country.

His Majesty The King is more than just a beacon of hope and symbol of unity for his people.
Through dedication and by example, he has earned not merely the trust and respect of his
subjects, but their deep reverence and acceptance of his wisdom. His Majesty is indeed this
country’s guiding light.

Without His Majesty’s timely intervention during periods of political crisis, Thailand would
probably not be what it is today. What is often overlooked however, is that for decades His
Majesty has played a discreet, yet crucial role in advising governments on legislative,
constitutional and, at times administrative matters, and always within the boundaries of his
legal and constitutional rights.

His Majesty has also dedicated himself to development work since 1951, personally initiating
nearly 2,000 projects in such areas as rural development, agriculture, land and water resources,
public health and education, resulting in benefits to the majority of Thais.

Through countless trips around the country, learning at first-hand about the problems and
hardships encountered by his people, His Majesty has been able to suggest solutions which
have brought them progress and prosperity. At the same time his very presence galvanises
government agencies into action.

It is also noteworthy that in the true spirit of the example set by His Majesty The King, Her
Majesty Queen Sirikit, His Royal Highness Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn, and Their Royal
Highnesses Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn and Princess Chulabhorn, as well as other
members of the royal family, have also followed the tradition of the Chakri Dynasty in
ensuring the well-being of the Thai people and the nation.

The publishers of the book are deeply grateful to His Majesty who has graciously given
permission to publish a number of photographs which he personally took. Special thanks must
also be given to the Royal Photographers and members of the Bureau of the Royal Household
for their assistance and contributions.


The publishers are also indebted to the distinguished members of the advisory board and to the
sponsors of the book whose support has been vital to the success of this important publication.

In conclusion, King Bhumibol Adulyadej : Thailand’s Guiding Light is in essence a tribute to
His Majesty The King, borne out of respect, reverence and gratitude for the tireless efforts and
contributions he has made to this country.

Long Live His Majesty The King.